Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and grease a 9-inch baking pan, then line the bottom with parchment paper.
Make the streusel by combining the flour, sliced almonds, brown sugar, and cinnamon in a medium bowl, then work in the cold butter pieces with fingertips until the mixture forms coarse, pea-sized clumps. Refrigerate until needed.
Whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt in a bowl and set aside.
Beat the softened butter and granulated sugar together with a hand mixer on medium speed for 2 to 3 minutes, until light and fluffy.
Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition, then mix in the vanilla and almond extracts.
Reduce mixer speed to low and add the flour mixture in three additions, alternating with the sour cream, beginning and ending with the flour, mixing just until combined after each addition.
Spread the batter evenly into the prepared pan, then arrange the plum slices on top in a single, slightly overlapping layer.
Remove the streusel from the refrigerator and scatter it evenly over the plums.
Bake for 45 to 50 minutes, until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean and the streusel is deep golden.
Cool in the pan on a wire rack for at least 20 minutes before slicing and serving.